Clinically suspected concomitant spinal cord and vertebrobasilar infarctions caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism

Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is a rare and probably under diagnosed cause of spinal cord infarction presumably due to acute embolization of nucleus pulposus fragments into the spinal circulation. Concomitant cerebral involvement is much rarer and often asymptomatic. Although the definitive diagnosis is histologic, certain criteria have been proposed to support the diagnosis in living patients, such as absence of vascular risk factors, acute onset or antecedent of valsalva maneuver before the episode and the exclusion of potential differential diagnoses.A 56 years-old patient, without any medical history was referred for sudden back pain while carrying heavy load at work. Clinical examination showed a Brown-Sequard syndrome.Brain and spine MRI disclosed spinal cord infarction at the C4-C5 level associated with brain infarctions involving exclusively the vertebrobasilar circulation. The exhaustive etiological assessment was normal.In our case, the acute symptoms onset, the clinical and imaging data and lack of evidence for other plausible diagnoses in the setting of a valsalva-like maneuver are highly suggestive of FCE diagnosis.     

经皮肺动脉瓣植入术在肺动脉瓣反流患者中的临床应用

经皮肺动脉瓣植入术(PPVI)在我国作为一种新兴的技术,开展相对较晚,但随着我国医疗水平的不断提高以及临床对于右心室流出道梗阻的先天性心脏病患者术后出现重度肺动脉瓣反流的不断重视,PPVI在我国得到了飞速发展。近十几年来,欧美国家已在临床成熟应用PPVI,相对于传统外科手术而言其具有微创、可重复性、术后疗效好等优点。现对PPVI在肺动脉瓣反流患者中的临床应用进行叙述。     

球囊导管取栓术治疗急性下肢动脉栓塞患者的体会

目的探讨球囊导管取栓术治疗急性下肢动脉栓塞患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析祈福医院2013年1月至2018年12月应用球囊导管微创取栓术治疗的78例急性下肢动脉栓塞患者的临床资料。结果治愈60例,治愈率为89.6%,患肢血供恢复。好转7例(10.4%),肢体缺血症状明显好转。全部患者无截肢。死亡1例(2.6%)。结论球囊导管取栓术是治疗急性动脉栓塞的有效方法,患者一经确诊应尽早手术取栓,有利于提高其保肢率和降低病死率。     

CT-guided localization techniques of small pulmonary nodules: a prospective non-randomized controlled study on pulmonary nodule localization needle and methylene blue staining with surgical glue

BackgroundThoracoscopic resection of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is challenging. Accurate preoperative computed tomography-guided localization of SPNs is key to successful rection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical value of a novel localization needle and methylene blue staining combined with surgical glue (MBSG) and to explore the risk factors for post-localization complications.MethodsThis prospective, non-randomized controlled study was conducted on 110 patients who received either MBSG or novel needle localization prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) from January 2019 to December 2019 at Shenzhen People’s Hospital. The primary endpoints were the safety and the success rates of the 2 localization techniques. The secondary endpoints were operative time and feasibility.ResultsThe 110 patients were categorized into 2 groups: the MBSG group (n=84) and the pulmonary nodule localization needle group (n=26). The success rate of pre-VATS localization was 100% in both groups. No deaths or serious complications occurred during localization. The rates of pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, and localization-induced cough were 38.1%, 25%, and 7.14%, respectively, in the MBSG group, and 26.92%, 19.23%, and 0%, respectively, in the pulmonary nodule localization needle group. Differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Total complication rate and the incidence of pain were significantly lower in the pulmonary nodule localization needle group (χ²=4.441 and 4.295, respectively; P<0.05). The difference in operative time between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Dye diffusion occurred in 2 patients in the MBSG group; however, it had no impact on VATS or on the pathological analysis. Neither displacement nor dislocation was observed in the pulmonary nodule localization needle group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the localization technique was an independent risk factor for total complications (odds ratio: 2.634, 95% confidence interval: 1.022–6.789, P<0.05).ConclusionsBoth techniques can localize SPNs effectively prior to VATS. The pulmonary nodule localization needle technique has a lower incidence of complications.     

AngioJet机械抽栓联合置管溶栓在急性肾动脉栓塞中的应用

目的评价AngioJet机械血栓清除系统联合置管溶栓(CDT)治疗急性肾动脉栓塞(RAE)的效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年6月苏州大学附属第一医院收治的8例急性RAE患者临床资料。所有患者治疗前均经腹部增强CT明确诊断,急诊接受AngioJet机械血栓清除系统抽栓联合CDT治疗,溶栓后24 h复查DSA造影,肾动脉主干及分支血流恢复满意后拔除溶栓导管,否则继续溶栓至48 h,复查造影后拔除溶栓导管。住院期间及出院后均予抗凝治疗,观察出院后1、3、6个月门诊随访结果。结果 8例患者均成功完成AngioJet机械血栓抽吸治疗,复查造影显示肾动脉主干完全再通,肾动脉主要分支仍可见充盈缺损;CDT 24 h后无明显血栓残留和狭窄,拔除溶栓导管。24 h内患者腰痛或腹痛症状明显缓解,住院期间未发生肾脏坏死、脏器出血、死亡等严重并发症。随访至6个月时患者肾动脉血流通畅、肾功能正常。结论 AngioJet机械抽栓联合CDT可迅速清除肾动脉主干及其主要分支动脉血栓形成,快速恢复肾脏血供,治疗急性RAE具有良好的安全性和有效性。     

特征选择技术在江西地区缺血性脑卒中合并肺部感染风险预测模型中的应用

目的 采用不同特征选择技术构建基于机器学习的预测模型，探讨江西地区缺血性脑卒中患者发生肺部感染的风险因素，为江西地区缺血性脑卒中合并肺部感染的控制和预防提供参考。方法 分别采用互信息、Lasso回归、决策树对特征进行筛选，比较XGboost、SVM、随机森林、MLP、logistic回归在缺血性脑卒中合并肺部感染模型中的效果。结果 Lasso回归优于其他两种特征选择方法，筛选的侵入性操作、NIHSS评分、中性粒细胞计数等15个特征纳入最终模型，与其他分类算法相比，MLP分类性能最好，AUC与约登指数分别是0.8740（95%CI:0.8694～0.8804）和0.6267。结论 Lasso回归可以限制多重共线性带来的影响，并输出高风险因素，结合MLP分类算法，能够较好的预测缺血性脑卒中患者是否会发生肺部感染，为其精准防控提供借鉴，具有一定的临床实践意义。